外周可触及肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 褶尿管肾脏A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )褶尿管肾脏出自褶和食道之间，上会设于褶尿管的下1/3 ，但也可出自仅设于褶下。这些肾脏可表现为完全无Echo或低Echo。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 所示11A，褶尿管肾脏，此肾脏已受感染者，内部成份微弱Echo的液体。B，褶尿管肾脏，紧绷的肾脏前壁消除透射伪影。

..Endometriosis乳腺粘液癌变Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).结节乳腺粘液癌变是乳腺切除后的长年合并症，无一般来说表现，但可于直到现在切除的瘢痕西北侧见一局部肿物，并有规律性的疼痛和出血。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 所示12 ，剖宫产右眼西北侧乳腺粘液癌变

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 结节血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可发生于发作性痉挛后、喷嚏或发作发作后，其根本原因上会是抗凝放射治疗或出血性性疾病。由于血肿限制于腹直肌鞘内，上会不很小，其形状根据所西北侧位置而定，在前端线以上，血肿常为卵圆形，长轴方形上下朝向，可于中间只见（所示13A）；在前端线请注意，由于腹线或缺如，可扩充偏东中线，因此血肿表现为分叶状，其小得多阔度设于水平线上。在婴孩结节血肿可出自褶上平行扩充（所示13B、C）。术后弥散性血管内过氧化物的病症可于结节切除瘢痕周围只见大的血肿（所示13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 所示13A，一中年妇女剧烈痉挛后腹直肌鞘血肿，箭头督促腹横筋膜。B，婴孩结节血肿。C，一婴孩褶静脉附着西北侧上面的结节血肿。UV，褶静脉。D，一弥散性血管内过氧化物的剖宫产术后病症疤痕西北侧结节血肿。

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